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Paul does not attempt to prove the existence of God, but adopts the same argument that is seen in Genesis 1:1. Creation itself proves the Creator, and anyone who doubts this is not being reasonable. But more than this, he shows how men perverted their perceptions of God and His righteous character.
22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23 and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.
There were bird-headed gods in Egypt.
http://www.crystalinks.com/bird.html
The Egyptians also worshipped four-footed animals, such as Apis, the bull.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apis_(Egyptian_mythology)
They also worshipped the scarab beetle. We read,
"It seemed to the ancient Egyptians that the young scarab beetles emerged spontaneously from the burrow were they were born. Therefore they were worshipped as "Khepera", which means "he was came forth." This creative aspect of the scarab was associated with the creator god Atum."
http://www.egyptianmyths.net/scarab.htm
The basic principle of Law, expressing the mind and will of God, is that the judgment must always fit the crime (sin). When men worship man, bulls, and beetles, they attribute these earthly attributes to God (actually, their "gods"). Therefore, the Creator does the same thing to such men. If they want to worship flawed gods, then God will show them their flaws by giving them the desires of their hearts.
By so dishonoring God, God turns the tables upon them, "that their bodies might be dishonored among them." Men worship men.
26 For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing indecent acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their error.
In other words, homosexuality, Paul says, is the physical result of the spiritual problem of man's belief that he is his own god and the measure of the universe. While this "unnatural function" has been in the world for a long time, its prominence in various civilizations is in direct proportion to the idea that man is his own god.
One only needs to look at the Roman emperors for many examples. The emperors were worshiped as gods, and a great many of them, including Nero himself, were homosexuals, according to the Roman historian Suetonius, who wrote of Nero,
"He castrated the boy Sporus and actually tried to make a woman of him; and he married him with all the usual ceremonies, including a dowry and a bridal veil, took him to his home attended by a great throng, and treated him as his wife. And the witty jest that someone made is still current, that it would have been well for the world if Nero's father Domitius had had that kind of wife. This Sporus, decked out with the finery of the empresses and riding in a litter, he took with him to the courts and marts of Greece, and later at Romethrough the Street of the Images, fondly kissing him from time to time."
Perhaps Paul had Nero in mind as he wrote these verses, but it would have been treasonous for him to say so. Though Paul did not quote from the divine Law itself, we know that he was well schooled in the Law and understood the mind of God on this question. Lev. 18:22 says,
22 You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination.
Lev. 20:13 provides us with a double witness,
13 If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a detestable act; they shall surely be put to death. Their bloodguiltiness is upon them.
Many today attempt to justify homosexual acts as "normal," with the goal of making it a crime to call it a sin. While I do not advocate violence or meanness toward anyone, including homosexuals, neither can I compromise the Scriptures by putting away the Law. I should also add that Christians are not to attempt to enforce the divine Law prior to its establishment as the law of the land. We live in a Babylonian society and are duty-bound only to learn and remember the divine Law for a future time.
Meanwhile, of course, rather than merely criticize homosexuals, we ought to pray for their healing. Individual homosexuals today are paying the price for the sins of their fathers. Many of them want to be healed of this affliction, even though others are insulted by the very suggestion that they need healing. For our part, it is important to view all sinners as God views them, and to view all sin as God views it. True Christians do not have the right to establish laws or moral views that are inconsistent with the mind of God as expressed in His Law.
We must also keep in mind the distinction between being homosexual and practicing that life style. The Law of God does not judge anyone for being homosexual, but only for its practice. The solution (while they await healing) is to abstain from sinful acts, even as many in the past have remained unmarried for various reasons.
28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, unloving, unmerciful.
So homosexual behavior is just one of many sins of the "depraved mind" of man. All of these sins are forbidden by biblical law, as Paul says in the next verse,
32 and although they know the ordinance [dikaioma] of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, they not only do the same, but also give hearty approval to those who practice them.
The Greek word, dikaioma, means "that which has been deemed right so as to have force of law" (Thayer's Lexicon). Those who practice homosexual behavior know that it is wrong, even if they try very hard to justify their actions. Hence, they are accountable to God for their actions, Paul says in the next verse: "Therefore, you are without excuse."
Even those who despise the divine Law know that one ought to keep the Law. Few would justify first-degree murder, for instance, even if their doctrinal position says that the Law has been put away. For most Christians, the real motive in putting away the Law is to retain the right to discard any particular law that they find disagreeable.
Instead of seeking the face of God for better understanding of His mind, they simply disagree with God, or insist that God changed His mind, or that the New Testament God is not the God of the Old Testament.